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Mennecy-Villeroy porcelain
Mennecy-Villeroy porcelain (or Mennecy porcelain) is a French soft-paste porcelain from the manufactory established under the patronage of Louis-François-Anne de Neufville, duc de Villeroy (1695-1766) and — from 1748 — housed in outbuildings ("les petites maisons") in the park of his château de Villeroy, and in the nearby village of Mennecy (Île-de-France).〔The monograph is N. Duchon, ''La Manufacture de Porcelaine de Mennecy Villeroy,'' 1988.〕
==History==
The arcanist in charge was François Barbin (1691-1765〔Died at Mennecy, 27 August 1765, aged 74. Xavier R.M. de Chavagnac and Gaston Antoine de Grollier, ''Histoire des manufactures françaises de porcelaine'', 1906:100).〕), who was already established as a maker of faience under Villeroy's protection when the parish registers commence in 1737. Barbin was identified in an action at law of August 1748 as having already spent fourteen years (i.e. since 1734) as a maker of porcelain in a house in the rue de Charonne, faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris, where he and his wares had recently been seized and the porcelain sold, as impinging upon the prerogatives of the monopoly for exclusive manufacture of porcelains "in the manner of Saxony" (that is, Meissen porcelain) granted to the manufacture of porcelain at Vincennes; he sought protection away from Paris, with his protector the well-connected duc de Villeroy,〔François Barbin was already a member of the duke's household, and a manufacturer of porcelain in December 1737 (Chavagnac and Golier 1906:98).〕 combining his porcelain manufacture with the already established faience industry at the château de Villeroy and Mennecy.〔Chavagnac and Grollier 1906:95f.〕 None of these early "rue de Charennes" porcelains made in 1734-48 have been identified, but a piece of faience at the Musée de Sèvres bears the date 1748 and the mark D.V..〔Noted by Chavagnac and Grolier 1906:99.〕
Management of the factory was assumed by Barbin's son, Jean-Baptiste, who bought out his father and his brother-in-law; after the younger Barbin's death shortly after his father, 14 September 1765,〔Chavagnac and Grolier 1906:〕 the lease was bought from his widow by partners of the porcelain manufactory at Sceaux, the sculptor Charles-Symphorien Jacques and the painter Joseph Jullien, who shifted the factory to Bourg-la-Reine,〔Jacques and Jullien belatedly registered their factory marks in July 1773, both DV and BR for ''Bourg-la-Reine'' (Chavagnac and Grollier 1906; Harriet Wynter, ''An Introduction to European Porcelain'', ''s.v.'' Mennecy (Ile-de-France), pp 103ff.〕 close to the main market, Paris— where Barbin had not received a permit to construct a kiln in 1748. There they had the protection of Louis-Charles de Bourbon, comte d'Eu.〔Chavagnac and Grolier 1906:101〕
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